CONVENTION ON THE NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN, 1957

CONVENTION ON THE NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN, 1957

NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN

The general assembly of the united nation had adopted the convention ON THE NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN, 1957, notably, the commission expressed concern regarding the determination of nationality of married women in the context of marriage and its dissolution. Consequently a commission prepared draft of the convention in 1957, which was adopted by general assembly of the united nation and was called the convention of the nationality of women, 1957.

Various committees were undertaken by the contracting parties. Briefly these are as under-

NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN

1)    Article 1- neither the celebration nor the dissolution of a marriage between one of its nationals and an alien, nor the change of nationality by the husband during marriage, shall automatically, and shall affect the nationality of the wife.

NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN

2)    Article 2- neither the voluntary acquisition of the nationality of another state nor the renunciations of it nationality by one of its nationals shall prevent the retention of its nationality by the wife of such national.

3)    Article 3- the alien wife of one of its national may, at her request, acquires the nationality of her husband through specially privileged naturalization procedures. However the grant   of such nationality may be subjected to such limitation as may be imposed in the interest of national security or public policy.

NATIONALITY OF MARRIED WOMEN

4)    Article 3,para 2- the present convention shall not be construed as affecting legislation or judicial practice by which the alien of one of its national may, at her request, acquire her husbands nationality as a matter of rights.

Declaration on elimination of discrimination against women,1967

Declaration on elimination of discrimination against women,1967

JUSTICE

On the 7^th December 1967, the General Assembly of the united nation adopted the Declaration on elimination of discrimination against women, 1967.

The preamble of this declaration states that despite the existence of various conventions protection the right of women the discrimination against women continues.  This declaration is pledge to eradicate discrimination against women in any form. It re-affirms the principal of equality of women in world wide scenario.

NO DISCRIMINATION

Article 10 of the Declaration on elimination of discrimination against women, 1967 states that all adequate measure shall be undertaken to ensure equality of married or unmarried women with men in social and economic fields and specifically-

1)    The right without discrimination on grounds of ,marital status or any other ground to receive vocational training to work, to free choice of profession and employment.

2)    The right to equal pay/salary with men.

EQUAL PAY

3)    The right to equal treatment relating to work of similar nature

RIGHT

    4)    The right to receive family allowances on equal terms with men.

With a view to prevent discrimination the status of women is to be regarded with equality in respect of married or unmarried in public employment and consequential family benefits. However, physical incapacity of a woman shall not be treated as discrimination.

Convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, 1979

Convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, 1979

To achieve the provision incorporated under article 1, 2 and 55 of the charter of united nation the declaration on the elimination of discrimination against women, 1967 was adopted by the general assembly of the united nation which consequently paved the pay to the adoption of the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, 1979.

By mean of the said convention it was reiterated that the state parties to the international conventions on human right are under the obligation to provide equal right to men and women in civil, political, economical and cultural field. The specialized agencies have to be established in order to achieve the fundamental objective of the conventions and the efforts should be made to root out all forms of discrimination between men and women as discrimination of any kind is a sure obstacle to participation of women with men.  

The state parties to the convention were fully convinced that discrimination is an important factor causing obstruction in the development and advancement of women with men at national and international level. It was realized that that to achieve equality of women with men it is indispensible most in the present scenario.

Civil and political right

Civil and political right

Article 3 to 21 of the Universal declaration of human right deals with the civil and political right. These are the following:

         1)    Right to life, liberty and security of persons (Article 3);

slavery

        2)    Freedom from slavery or servitude (Article 4);

        3)    Prohibition against torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article 5);

      4)    Recognition as a person before the law (Article 6);

equality before law

      5)    Equality before the law and equal protection of law without any discrimination (Article 7); 

       6)    Effective remedy before the national tribunals (Article 8);

       7)    Freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile (Article 9);

      8)    Right to fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal  (Article 10);

      9)    Presumption of innocence until proved guilty in a public trial with all guarantees necessary for defense in criminal cases (Article 11 Para 1);

10)    Freedom from ex –post facto law (Article 11 Para 2);

11)    Right to privacy, family, home and correspondence (Article 12);

12)    Right to free movement and residence within border of a state (Article 13 Para 1);

13)    Right to leave any country, including his own and to return his country (Article 13 Para 2);

14)    Right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution (Article 14 Para 1); 

15)    Right to nationality (Article 15);

16)    Right to marry and found a family (Article 16);

17)    Right to own property (Article 17);

18)    Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Article 18);

19)    Right to freedom of opinion and expression (Article 19);

peaceful assembly

20)    Right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association  (Article 20);

21)    Right to participate in the government of his country Article 21);

Universal declaration of human right, 1948

Universal declaration of human right, 1948

Human Right

The united nation from very day of its inception from 1945 till date worked to secure women’s legal equality. The united nation has choked out a comprehensive programme by means of various conventions to uplift and develop the status of women in education, political, economical including the position in social life. With formation of commission on human right and commission on then status of women in 1946 and the adoption of universal declaration of human right 1948.  The united nation has also undertaken a massive research study to access the position and status of women throughout the world. It was found that in many part of the world the women have constantly denied equality in law and also in practice. They are compelled to live under male dominated world and are subjected to variety of discrimination and humiliation. As a result the united nation has incorporated a series of treaties and conventions to achieve the equal legal and political status of women throughout the world.

It is pertinent to briefly discuss the achievement of United Nation in the field of women right since 1948. These are:-

1.    1.Universal declaration of human right, 1948;

2.    2.Convention on the political right of women, 1953;

3.    3.Convention on nationality of married women, 1957;

4.    4.Declaration on elimination of discrimination against women, 1967;

5.   5. Convention on the elimination of all form of discrimination against women, 1979;

6.    6.Declaration on the elimination of violence against women, 1993;

7.    7.Optional protocol to the convention on the elimination of discrimination against women, 1999;

8.    8.Commission on status of women

Universal declaration of human right, 1948

The preamble of the universal declaration of human right 1948, declares the universal declaration of human right, as a common standards of achievement for all people and for all Nation, with the end that every individual and every organ of the social order, performance of this announcement always in brain, shall struggle by instruction and humanizing to promote respect for these right and freedom and by progressive measures, national and international , to secure their universal and efficient acknowledgment  and observation both amid the public of associate states themselves and among and among people of territories and their jurisdiction.

Child Right

The preamble clearly declares as the common standards of achievement of all people and all nations. If this declaration is to be construed as a recommendation, a question arises as to whom this recommendation has been made. It is not addressed either to the member or the state or the government. According to KELSON, the declaration is intended to be a common standard of achievement for all people and all nation, and that the declarations is made with the end that every individual and every organ of society- shall strive to thus general assembly recommends to every individual and every organ of society to do something with respect to the human right laid down in the declaration.

How ever in the view of jurist C. BUNCH, -“ human right instrument of women and government  can be made to take gender based violation more seriously by being held accountable for implementation of laws against them.

child right

No discrimination

Thus, preamble of declaration shows the importance and necessity of having faith in the fundamental human right and dignity of individual including men and women. The declaration envisaged the basic principles of human right in most comprehensive manner. The declaration death with civil and political right of men and women in terms of equality. It also deals with social and economic right.

According to article 2 of Universal declaration of human right, “Every one is entitled to all right and freedom set forth in this declaration without discrimination of any kind, such as race color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property or other status. Therefore, no discrimination shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional status of the country  to which a person belongs. 

RELATIONSHIP LEAD TO A HAPPY LIFE

POSITIVE COMMUNICATION & RELATIONSHIP LEAD TO A HAPPY LIFE  :     

A good communicator not only knows what to speak, when to speak, where to speak, but most importantly knows when to be silent. Never judge a person by his previous or present status, because time has great power to change inexpensive coal into precious diamond. Never raise your voice. Just improve the quality of your argument and feel the difference. “Nothing in nature is for itself. River doesn’t drink water, trees don’t eat fruits, and sun doesn’t give heat for itself. Making ourselves useful to other is the way to live.” Relationship and medicines play the same role in life. Both care for us in pain. The only difference is relationship doesn’t have an expiry date. A happy relationship is made up of two good forgivers. 
Forgive what you cannot forget or forget what you can’t forgive. It is strange that ‘sword’ & ‘words’ are made up of the same letters, but even more strange is the fact that they have the same capacity to pierce & hurt. Be big enough to admit mistakes, smart enough to profit from them and strong enough to correct them. “Care should be heart and not in words. Anger should be in words and not in heart.” This will pave the way for healthy relationship building and networking.   

BREAK THE WORRY HABIT :    
   
“Cold water and warm iron takes away the wrinkles   from clothes; similarly a cool mind and a warm heart takes away wrinkles from life.” Being worried is like walking in a treadmill. It keeps us busy but it doesn’t takes us anywhere. Worrying doesn’t takes away tomorrow’s trouble but it takes away today’s peace. My school teacher once told me “Do your best and leave the rest on God!” Pondering over the past and being anxious about the “could have been” is the quickest way to depression and unhappiness. The old oft repeated proverb don’t cry over spilt milk is apt in this regards. A well- known legal maxim says “De minimis non curat lex”- the law doesn’t concern itself with trifles, so too it should be with each and every one of us. We should not worry about the trifles, but live life with all enthusiasm at our command. We always feel that God never comes on time when we call him. The truth is, he is always on time, but we are always in a hurry.

                                  WRAP UP POINT

        A philosopher has described life as “Present continuous”. It is an apt description of the journey we call life. We must enjoy the journey despite the pit falls, diversions, stops, earthshaking changes and event that comes our way. As there is no night without day no sunrise without sunset similarly there is no success without failure. I don’t know what the future holds but I know who holds the future. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.  
Where there is nothing to hide, there is nothing to avoid;

When there is nothing to avoid, there is nothing to hide;
Where there is nothing to hide or avoid, then there is nothing to fear.
Wishing each and every one of you a life filled with Academic, fulfillment,
prosperity, a wonderful career and bliss at home.

VALUE YOUR RELATIONSHIPS

VALUE YOUR RELATIONSHIPS

relationship

 As old year’s pave way for new one, it brings with it the promises of a bright future, a fruitful career, professional fulfillment and wonderful life. Communication is a life line of any relationship and when we stop communicating, we start losing our valuable relationships. It is said two places are most valuable in this world. The nicest place is to be in some one’s THOUGHTS and safest place is to be in some one’s PRAYER’S.

 POINT TO PONDER – TEN WORDS TO FOLLOW 

ego

1)  1)The most selfish one letter word is “I” – Avoid it.

2)  2)The most Satisfying Two letter words is “WE” – use it.

3)  3)The most poisonous Three Letter Word is “EGO” – kill it.

4)  4)The most used Four Letter Word is “LOVE” – value it.

5)  5)The most pleasing five letter word is “SMILE”- keep it.

6)  6)The fastest spreading six letter word is “RUMOUR”- Ignore It.

7)  7)The most hardworking seven letter word is “Success”- Achieve it.

8) 8) The most enviable eight letter word is “JEALOUSY”- Distance It.

friendship

9)  9)The most powerful nine letter word is “KNOWLEDGE” – Acquire it.

)  10)The most Divine ten letter word is “FRIENDSHIP”- Maintain

 It.
SEIZE THE OPPORTUNITY :                   There is no security on this earth only opportunity. In life; three things never come back – a spoken word, a spent arrow and a missed opportunity. When the mind is weak, the situation becomes a problemWhen the mind is balanced, the situation becomes a challenge; When the mind is strong, the situation becomes an opportunity. When the mind is strong, the situation becomes an opportunity.

PASSION AND HAPPINESS LEADS TO SUCCESS  

The words of motivator Mr.T.T.Rangarajan are wonderful to read. “Extraordinary people are ordinary people who did everything with extraordinary passion.” In the word of Winston Churchill, “Success is the ability to go from one failure to another without losing enthusiasm.” 

Happiness is a perfume; if you spray it on others you will get a few drops on yourself. If you make others happy then happiness will cling to you. If you can be the pain balm on the better souls, rather than being the cause of headache, the world will come in search of you. It’s never to late to richly live the moment you are in. Don’t let regrets about the past destroy the unique opportunity you have right now. Happiness is something that comes in our life through doors that we don’t remember having left opened. Open your book of life only to some people. Because in this world, very few care about the chapter in the book, others are just curious know about the story. Keep the mind happy. 

We don’t know if success gives happiness, but happy mind surely leads to success. “Never regret- if it’s good it’s wonderful, if it’s bad, it’s experience. No one can go back and change a bad beginning but you can start now and create a successful ending.”